Disease Control
MALARIA/ KALA-AZAR
During this fiscal year, the number of Kala-azar cases (reported from 662 villages) increased to 1,290 from 1,234 last year. Besides regular case detection and treatment functions, field research and training (of Passive Case Detection (PCD) volunteers and HP in-charges) were undertaken. The Slide Positivity Rate (SPR) decreased from 9% to 5.4%. of considerable concern is the increase in total slides examined over the last two years (from 103,298 to 113,907). Among positive cases, Plasmodium falciparum cases increased from 5.7% to 9.6 %. To avoid a severe outbreak in the near future, emphasis must be given to this programme. The Clinical Malaria Treatment (CMT) cases of this fiscal year 62,172, considerably higher than last preceding years, which shows to be study.
 

TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL
In FY 2057/58 the National Tuberculosis Programme's (NTP) Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) activities expanded through out the country. Available in 227 treatment centres and 684 sub-centres, 84% of the population now has access to treatment. Nearly 90% treatment success rate has been achieved on DOTS. In FY 2057/58, the new smear- positive proportion was 55%, an important indicator that suggests that cases are being properly diagnosed. Nepal is now very close to achieving the international case finding target of 70%.

LEPROSY
During the current fiscal year 8,020 cases were detected-4,623 multi-bacilli (MB) and 3,397 paucibacilli (PB). The new-case detection rate was 3.44 in FY 2057/58, as contrasted with 3.18 in the preceding fiscal year. The prevalence rate slightly decreased from 3.88 per 10,000 population in FY2056/57 to 3.43 in FY 2057/58. The highest prevalence rate was observed in the Eastern Development Region (4.01 per 10,000 population)and the lowest in the Western Development Region (2.19 per 10,000).

Altogether 19,038 cases registered for treatment in FY 2057/58. The disability rate with visible deformities (grade 2 according to World Health Organisation classification) was 8.43% in FY 2057/58, down from 7.75% in FY 2056/57. The rate was highest in the Far Western Development Region (10.61% ) and lowest in the Western Development Region (6.97%). The national disability rate, low at 8.43%, is thought to be the result of under-reporting from districts.
 

AIDS/STDs
HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are emerging as major threats to Nepal's socio-economic and health sectors. Although their multiple effects have been minimal so far, their potential impact is immense.

The first AIDS case in Nepal was detected in 1988. Since then the number of HIV/AIDS cases has been increasing. In Nepal HIV transmission is mainly heterosexual. Some surveys reveal a concentrated epidemic among Injecting Drug Users and Commercial Sex Workers.